How Not To Be A Roommate

Being a first year recruit nearby can be very alarming. Youve simply moved to spic and span spot, and you dont know anybody - that is the reason your first year recruit flat mate is so significant. At some point or another, you branch out and live with your closest companions, yet some of the time it doesnt work out the manner in which you need it to. individuals know better anyone:From our office assistant, Sylvia: I think I had it fortunate contrasted with most other undergrads who have way more terrible stories. In any case, something that rings a bell over and over when contemplating my most exceedingly awful school flat mate experience was in my third year at USF. I had quite recently moved out of the residence and into a condo two traffic lights from school with 3 of my companions. We were at long last â€Å"real† grown-ups, no more cafã © focuses to depend on and nobody to wash our filthy dishes. To a lightweight germ-o-phobe like me, it transformed into a bad dream. Two of my housemates purchased food supplies or take out each week however never completed them and left everything to form in the ice chest, for quite a long time or months. At the point when it confessed all an ideal opportunity to the refrigerator out toward the year's end, I discovered food that lapsed seven months back and food that I wasn’t sure on the off chance that it was initially meat, rice, or mushe d blueberries. My other housemate never cleaned the dishes appropriately, leaving bits of dried food on the dishes in the pantry. Once, I even found a bit of crude meat, on the floor. From our excellent in-office originator, Julia: Sophomore year at UCSB, my flat mate was a young lady I lived with in the rookie dormitories. We decided to share a studio loft, only both of us in one major room with a kitchen and a restroom. Our issues began at an early stage - she didnt take out the waste, vacuum, clear, or wipe the counters a solitary time that year! I had no clue she was such an untidy woman - when we lived respectively in the dormitories, our room was constantly cleaned by college staff. Shed frequently eat my food without inquiring. I just truly had the guts to defy her once, when she crushed a whole container of nutty spread Id recently bought that week. At the point when I got some information about it, she offered to exchange me a bunch of small nutty spread cups in return. (While not a sufficient discount, this was surely a sweet endeavor at politeness.) She additionally had an odd propensity for leaving apparently irregular items around the condo. Id return home to locate a huge stone in the room, a wrecked bike in our kitchen, a cheddar grater on her bed. I rehash, she left our lone cheddar grater lying on her bed for a few days. What odd action could lead her to overlook it there, I dont need to envision. Obviously, when our rent finished we headed out in our own direction. Exercise to green bean looking for flat mates: Before deciding to live with somebody, truly be intensive in ensuring they dont have a cheddar interest. From one of our prime supporters, Lydia: I lived in the Phi Mu sorority house my sophomore year at Johns Hopkins. When all is said in done, it was an extraordinary gathering of young ladies and you couldnt beat the area. Be that as it may, 20 young ladies under one rooftop was serious no doubt. One housemate was especially regional and inactive forceful. She detested when visitors utilized our first floor restroom and parlor. She secured each stay with banner board signs. ATTENTION:It isn't satisfactory to utilize the washroom that isn't on the floor of your own room. This raised to numerous different things she needed to bring our â€Å"attention† to, and in the long run, we needed to set up indications of our own colloquialism, â€Å"ATTENTION: These signs are not acceptable.† From our other fellow benefactor, Stephanie: I moved in with a gay creator post-Duke. We got along truly well and I figured he would be a dramatization free flat mate to have. That is, until he began to hit on me. Turns out he wasnt gay. Regardless of whether you’re simply beginning your quest or you’re searching for help applying, it’s never too soon to make the school application process easier.Searchto discover understudies like you orcontact a mentorfor help with the affirmations procedure so you can limit your decisions and get a head start.

Nestle Management free essay sample

Initially we would express gratitude toward Allah for giving us the chance and the assets to have the option to accomplish something beneficial with our lives. Without His favors we would not have had the option to come the extent that we have. At that point our earnest gratitude to Miss Naima khurshid for helping us all through this venture. His rules have been exceptionally helpful for us in setting up this undertaking. He helped us find better approaches for being imaginative and innovative. This undertaking would not have been conceivable without her participation and constant bearing. Last however not the least we might want to thank our families for their unremitting help and endorsement. . Presentation Engro Foods (Pvt. ) Limited (EFL) has been set up in 2005 as a component of an enhancement procedure at the Engro Group. The plant situated at Sukkur on 23 section of land, has the crude milk gathering ability of 300,000 liters for each day and UHT milk limit of 200,000 liters f or each day. The plant has been built up at an expense of Rs. 1 billion which gives direct work to 750 individuals. Engro Foods has entered the Food business through milk preparing and deal with the company’s vision to seek after development openings dependent on nation basics and own quality. It likewise positions the organization to use its corporate social obligation activities and work intimately with provincial networks to advance coordinated cultivating and domesticated animals improvement. This exertion is relied upon to assume a urgent job in destitution easing and improving jobs of the poor in the milk assortment zones. Vision Our vision is to turn into a quick extending uber nourishments organization. To accomplish our vision, the organization will at first spotlight on dairy by putting a significant sum in plant, milk assortment ability and showcasing. We are putting forth solid attempts to extend in and past Pakistan; through vital universal collusions, to in the long run become worldwide. Guiding principle 1. Administration 2. Development 3. Assorted variety and International center 4. Quality and constant Improvement 5. Authentic and open interchanges 6. Singular development and advancement 7. Eager quest for benefit 8. Morals and respectability 9. Wellbeing, Health and Environment Departments 1. Organization Efficient administration of every authoritative undertaking of Engro Foods (Pvt. ) Limited is the activity of the Administration office. From legitimate issues to general everyday tasks of the workplace, the Administration division guarantees that all undertakings run easily. 2. Money and Accounts The Finance and Accounting offices at Engro Foods are answerable for the all out budgetary administration of the various organizations of the organization. From the typical bookkeeping proclamations and sheets to hazard and portfolio the executives, the group guarantees that each rupee coming into and out of the Companies pockets is appropriately recorded and reviewed. 3. Human Resource The Human Resource division at Engro Foods (Pvt. ) Limited leads the enrollment procedure to guarantee that the best human asset is accepted at Engro Foods. Resumes of competitors are painstakingly recorded and reported for present or future reference. The division, other than completing progression arranging, keeps up and actualizes HR approaches relating to work, maintenance and superannuation. Evaluating preparing necessities of workers and guaranteeing satisfactory preparing is likewise done by the expert HR group at Engro Foods. . Promoting Consisting of driving showcasing experts of the business, who are alumni of top business colleges of Pakistan, the Marketing Department guarantees that from item need distinguishing proof to item improvement, dispatch and post-dispatch, every single key choice are made dependent on real data and research. Recognizing the objective markets, successfully imparting to them and building the picture of the brands just as the Companies, is the acti vity of the experts running the advertising at Engro Foods. 5. Milk Procurement As the entirety of our food items are milk based, the whole Milk Procurement division assumes a basic job in characterizing the nature of the final result that arrives at our clients. Guaranteeing ordinary assortment of new and unadulterated milk directly from the rancher to the manufacturing plant and finding out the newness of milk the whole way across the milk acquisition process, is the duty of Milk Procurement office, comprising of food Technologists working at the assortment communities and veterinary specialists offering support to the ranchers. 6. MIS The MIS division at Engro Foods guarantees that all mechanization is running blunder free consistently. Normally changing and refreshing the Companys bookkeeping programming is additionally the MIS groups obligation. 7. Creation Modern innovation is a vital part of Production at Engro Foods. The best in class plant set up close Sukkhar has a preparing limit of in excess of 300,000 liters of milk for each day, making it one of the biggest in the nation. Expertly qualified human asset effectively works night and day to keep up most noteworthy cleanliness guidelines. . Quality Assurance Quality Assurance is carefully followed in Engro Foods. Qualified food technologists at this office guarantee that most excellent parameters are clung to through all means of creation and that the items arrive at the shoppers according to guarantee. 9. Gracefully and Distribution This office guarantees convenient and successful conveyance of the items to various shops and stores spread the whole way acro ss Pakistan. From transportation the executives to acquiring course allows and endorsements, is finished by this office 2. Targets and issues In the ongoing not many months, it appeared that wherever one looked, there was either a bulletin, a TVC or a radio jingle advancing a brand of milk †regardless of whether it was Haleeb, Nurpur, Pakola, Nirala, or, as of late, Olper’s. Yet, maybe this isn’t astonishing all things considered. Pakistan, as indicated by late measurements, is the third biggest milk creating nation on the planet (32 billion liters for every year from 50 million creatures, with urban utilization at about seven billion liters). Be that as it may, in spite of this high positioning, bundled milk, in any event, as per the most hopeful assessments, has a unimportant four percent infiltration. No big surprise then that handled milk organizations (PLMCs) have been somewhat forceful in their promoting and advertising tries trying to expand the infiltration. Industry specialists accept that the current financial turnaround has added to the development in the PLM part, bringing about expanded buyer buying power. Another explanation behind development is a developing mindfulness relating to wellbeing and cleanliness; this factor, combined with expanding disappointment with free milk, has likewise added to development in this area. Be that as it may, so as to make an observable increment in infiltration, numerous difficulties recognitions despite everything must be overwhelmed by the PLMCs. The least significant one, maybe, is convention. Milk, even among the most urbanized customers, is equal with the unexpected appearance of the doodhwala (milkman) at their home on his trusty bike (presently supplanted by a motorbike), strengthening the feeling that the milk is new, regular and directly from the cow. Also, it is this recognition that lone free milk is new, and along these lines solid and additive free, that must be survived, whenever expanded infiltration is to happen at a generous rate. Another obstacle in changing over free milk clients to prepared fluid milk is cost. In Punjab, in light of the fact that most dairy ranches are based there, free milk is modest at around Rs 24 for each liter, while prepared milk is evaluated at roughly Rs 38 for each liter. In Sindh, be that as it may, the value differential between free (Rs 28) and handled milk (Rs 38) is just Rs 10. In spite of the fact that obstacles, for example, buyer discernments and value differentials have still to be survived, the prepared fluid milk advertise looks set to develop. There is an entire world out there to be changed over, and it is a colossal open door for PLMCs. In the event that the economy stays stable for the following five years, infiltration will increment at an astounding rate. 3. Official synopsis This task is about the showcasing plan of Olper’s from when ENGRO nourishments concocted adding another product offering to their effectively settled and since quite a while ago arrangement of product offerings to the point that they are still intensely advancing their item. We start by giving a concise history about Olper’s and how it appeared. We talk about the corporate structure and hierarchical chain of importance of ENGRO Fertilizers, its statement of purpose and the vision. We move further with its objectives that it has pondered for Olper’s and in the long run the sort of hierarchical culture of the association. We talk about the sorts of advertising research directed by the organization before acquainting it with the market and how they have sectioned its objective market and situated the item in the brains of the purchasers. We examine the SWOT investigation wherein we talk about the qualities, shortcomings, openings, and dangers the association is looking since its item was propelled. At that point the PEST investigation is commonly about how the outside elements influence the development and dependability of the item. We move further to discuss an assortment of showcasing systems utilized at various phases of the item life cycle, that is advancing the item and making shoppers mindful of Olper’s utilizing the 4 P’s as well as could be expected. The report additionally discusses the job brand value played in expanding the deals for Olper’s. Right off the bat, there are the different ways utilized by the brand directors to construct and measure brand value and once the clients begin to acknowledge it then how they have dealt with the brand value of Olper’s. We finish up the report by talking about the social duties in which ENGRO Fertilizers is included and the tentative arrangements of the association for Olper’s. 4. Circumstance examination A. Market outline

Can a Payday Loan Company Take You to Court

Can a Payday Loan Company Take You to Court Can a Payday Loan Company Take You to Court? Can a Payday Loan Company Take You to Court?You know a payday loan can hurt your credit. But can failing to pay one back actually put you in front of a judge?Court shows can be fun to watch on television. Whether it’s Law and Order or Judge Judy or classic Lionel Hutz episodes of  The  Simpsons,  we all apparently like watching people in court.But no one actually wants to be in a courtroom in real life. Heck, even most  lawyers prefer settling cases out of court. Thats why its important to know when something poses the risk of landing you in front a judgeâ€"one who may or may not be looking to throw a book and/or book-like object in your general direction.And when it comes to taking out a predatory payday loan, you could certainly end up in court if you have troubling paying it back. Its not common, but it does happen.Whats a payday loan, again?Before we get into whether a payday loan company can take you to court, let’s make sure we all know what a payday loan is.It’s not nece ssarily a scientific term, but generally, payday loans are a type of bad credit loan with very short payment terms and very high annual percentage rates (APRs). They are aimed at people who have poor credit, and the lender doesnt check a persons credit during the lending process. Payday loans are available as both storefront loans and online loans, and they are sometimes also called no credit check loans or cash advance loans.APR is a measurement that captures the total cost of a loan over one year, with all fees and interest included, allowing you to make an apples-to-apples comparison between different loans. So the lower the APR on a loan, the better. And the APRs on payday loans are nearly as high as they can go, with rates between 300 and 400 percentâ€"and sometimes much higher.And while having a shorter payment term for a loan with a high interest rate might seem like a great idea, it often backfires. Unlike, a traditional installment loan, which is paid off a little bit at a time, the short payment terms for payday loans mean that they have to be paid off all at once, often just two weeks after the loan was issued. As it turns out, many people have trouble paying back their payday loan on time. So instead, they have to reborrow the loan or pay an extra fee to roll it over and extend the due date.So why does anyone get a payday loan? Usually, its because they have some sort of financial emergency and a poor credit score so they can’t get a traditional personal loan. Still, it’s a risky proposition, because if you can’t pay back that loan in time, you may end up rolling it over and over again, landing you in a dangerous cycle of debt. To learn more about the dangers of payday lending, check out these five alarming payday loan statistics.Payday loan companies do take people to court, but they dont do it very often.Now, depending on how that cycle of debt unfoldsâ€"and whether or not you stop making paymentsâ€"you might end up in court with the payday loan company seeking a judgment against you. However, we spoke to the experts and they seemed to share a consensus:While you might end up in court for not paying off your payday loan, if that’s all you’ve done, you’re unlikely to find yourself in front of a judge.“I am a Florida consumer protection attorney who has 29 years experience,” consumer rights expert Donald E. Peterson explained. “I have probably consulted with a couple thousand people about their debts including potential bankruptcy clients who were defendants in collection lawsuits and consumers who were seeking a lawyer to represent them because they were being sued by a creditor or debt collector. NONE of them were ever sued by a payday lender. Not one.”But Peterson went beyond just his own personal experience: “Around 2006, I searched clerks online dockets to determine whether a large brick mortar payday lender ever sued anyone. I searched the records for several counties in central Florida and found approximately five lawsuits during a period of five to seven years. It made me wonder what was unique about those five borrowers that motivated the payday lender to file suit. I have read that there are payday lenders in Ohio who actually sue sometimes. I am not observing this in Florida nor have I ever heard that its a national problem.”If a payday lender takes you to court, theyre hoping you wont show up.Damon Duncan, an attorney with Duncan Law, gave us a similar sense of the risks while also explaining how the litigation process might play out:“Absolutely you can end up in court for failure to pay a payday loan. Im a board certified consumer bankruptcy attorney and will periodically see folks being sued for failure to pay these payday loans. It is, however, uncommon.“After late payment(s) the payday loan company would likely sue the debtor in an area where the debtor has real property and, if they dont have real property, a location convenient for the creditor. Most debtor s will fail to respond to a lawsuit so a default judgment would be entered against them.Once the creditor has a judgment they can attach liens to property like houses, cars, bank accounts, etc. Liens in North Carolina (where I live) last for 10 years and can then be renewed for an additional 10 year period. Other states are very similar.”Its safe to assume a payday loan company will sueâ€"sometimes for much more than you owe.If you have stopped making payments on your payday loan and are hoping the problem will just go away, then guess again.“You should study your loan agreement to see the terms on defaulting and late/missed payments,” advised Shaolaine Loving, a Las Vegas attorney. “Generally speaking, the lender can start assessing late fees and other penalties. Depending on how late you are, they or a collection company will probably start calling to collect on the debt. They can report delinquencies on your credit. Eventually, they can sue you. Even if it’s a small amo unt, dont presume the company wont sue.As Living mentioned, its not just the payday loan company itself that you have to worry about. Most of the time, a debt collector or a law firm will also be involved.Payday loan companies routinely sell their accounts to debt collectors or use attorneys to handle their debt in bulk. Thus, no amount is too small to sue you over, particularly when they can seek late fees, collection costs, court costs, and late fees. The final sum against you can greatly surpass the original amount owed.The only way to prevent a court judgment against you is if you have some legitimate legal defense, like fraud or illegal practices on their part. Otherwise, once they get a judgment against you, they can garnish your wages/assets or lien your property.”Dont ignore a debt collectors calls. Instead, try to negotiate. If it goes to court, show up.Katie Ross, Education and Development Manager at  American Consumer Credit Counseling, or ACCC, gave us her advice on ma naging the threat of a lawsuit:“When you miss a payment, the lender will try to contact you via the contact information you provided (address, phone, email). If you ignore the lender and don’t make any payments, they will turn to a third-party collections agency to try to get the debt back. This can happen even after thirty days of a missed payment.Their tactics may be aggressive, including threatening to notify the credit bureaus. Each city/state has its own laws regarding payday loans, so make sure you know your rights under the Fair Debt Collections Practices Act.“If the collections agency fails to collect your debt, they may sue you even over a small amount. Make sure you show up to court. If a judge rules against you, the collection agency can levy your bank account, garnish your wages, or put liens on your property, depending on the state’s laws.Prevent ending up in court by trying to negotiate your repayment terms with your creditor or entering into a settlement plan. If you do receive a court summons, go to court and ask that the collector show proof that you owe money. If they don’t show proof, your case may get dismissed or at least postponed until they do.”To learn more about your debtors rights, check out our blog post:  What Debt Collectors Can and Can’t Do.If a payday loan company or a debt collector has misstepped, you can take them to court too.Don’t forget that the ability to take someone to court can go both ways. Obviously, a payday lender will likely have more resources than you, but you should still know your options, even if you’re just going to use them as a negotiating tactic.“Usually, consumers end up with grounds to sue the payday lender,” Peterson told us. “Many payday lenders, especially online payday lenders, are not licensed to extend loans to customers in many of the states where their borrowers reside.Under most (if not all) states laws, the payday loan is void and can not be enforced if the lender was no t licensed to make the loan. Debt collectors who attempt to collect a void loan may be liable under the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA) and possibly under similar state laws.“Debt collectors who attempt to collect payday loans often (if not almost always) violate the FDCPA by threatening to press criminal charges or have the borrower arrested for writing a ‘bad check.’ Payday lenders obtain postdated checks from the borrowers. Postdated checks which are eventually dishonored because of insufficient funds are not ‘bad checks’ under the criminal codes.“Debt collectors often burn consumers phones by calling excessively including calls to cell phones even after the consumer instructs the caller to ‘stop calling me.’ If the debt collector is calling a cell phone after the consumer told them ‘stop calling,’ the caller may be liable to the consumer in an amount between $500 to $1,500 per call.”Peterson wrote a guide to what you should do if you’re getting those kinds of calls.While the risk of being taken to court over a payday loan may not be that high, its not like payday loans are worth it in the first place. To learn more about improving your credit scoreâ€"so that you can leave predatory payday loans and title loans in the dustâ€"check out these related posts and articles from OppLoans:How to Fix Your Bad Credit in 2018An Apple a Day Keeps the Bad Credit AwayWhy You Should NOT Close That Old Credit CardHas a payday loan ever landed you in court?  We want to hear from you!  You can  email us  or you can find us on  Facebook  and  Twitter.ContributorsDamon Duncan  (@Damon_Duncan) (@DuncanLaw)  is an attorney on the North Carolina Bar Association and Foundation’s Board of Governors, a member of the Elon University School of Law’s Alumni Council, the Secretary of the North Carolina Bar Association’s Bankruptcy Section and adjunct professor at Elon University School of Law and Guilford Technical Community College.Shaolaine Lov ing (@LovingLawyer) is an attorney who has been practicing law in Las Vegas for over a decade. She established her own firm, Loving Law Ltd., in 2015 and provides services in family law, estate planning, consumer law, contracts, and other legal areas.Donald Petersen is an Orlando, Florida trial lawyer who represents consumers against companies who violate their rights under the Telephone Consumer Protection Act, Fair Debt Collection Practices Act,  Fair Credit Reporting Act and other consumer protection laws.Katie Ross, joined the  American Consumer Credit Counseling, or ACCC, management team in 2002 and is currently responsible for organizing and implementing high-performance development initiatives designed to increase consumer financial awareness. Ms. Ross’s main focus is to conceptualize the creative strategic programming for ACCC’s client base and national base to ensure a maximum level of educational programs that support and cultivate ACCC’s organization.

Assessing The Sat s Aptitude Test - 2003 Words

Assessing the SAT’s Aptitude in Predicting College Success The Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) is a widely popular method of college admission test. Like many other admissions test it is used to help colleges select students who will be successful in college. Upon reading the source material, however, I began to question the legitimacy of this academic test. In the first article of the source material, titled â€Å"Can you Make Yourself Smarter†, the topic of intelligence testing was addressed. The article also mentioned more accurate and effective forms of intelligence testing and the use of intelligence improving games in schools. Upon mentioning schools and effective ways of measuring intelligence I began to wonder whether tests administered in school, like the SAT, were effective in what they are designed to do. These tests hold such great bearings on the academic careers of students I wondered whether the test should be used at all. This lead to the question; should SAT be used to predict college success? In this paper success wil l be defined mainly though grade point average (GPA). While this is not the only way to define success it is one of the most measurable indicators of success. The first of the two perspectives addressed within this question will be no, the SAT should not be used. Due to the underwhelming amount of support for the opposing yes argument, the other perspective will investigate if the SAT will work if changes were made to it. The SAT should not beShow MoreRelated The Fairness Of Academic Evaluation Essay1218 Words   |  5 PagesAmericans realized how inferior their education systems really were. Due to the decline in test scores in American schools, education standards became much stricter and new intelligence exams were introduced. 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To understand what I am writing just study your kid on the week of standardized tests. One can see the fear, anxiety and helpless in their eyes. Standardized testing has become an important part of our modern education. There is not an American student who doesn’t sit down these test many times a year in their educational journey. These tested are heavilyRead MorePredicting Performance Of Post Graduate Education From Admissions Information -- -comparisons Of Health Professions With Pharmacy5563 Words   |  23 Pagesdirectly to the journal to try to retrieve the paper. Results. Published literature clearly showed that prediction of performance in the didactic portions of health care programs is straightforward when based on pre-health care GPA and achievement test scores. The best predictions are achieved when both measures are combined. While significant statistical prediction is achieved in virtually every study, the percent of total performance variance accounted for is also consistent and uniformly smallRead MoreChapter Five. Summary, Discussion And Implications. . Introduction.3928 Words   |  16 Pagesreauthorization of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act made, for the first time, the use of Response to Intervention (RtI) acceptable as an alternative means of identifying students with specific learning disabilities (SLD)† (Berkeley, S., Bender, W. N., Peaster, L. G., Saunders, L., 2008, p. 85). Response to Intervention is a widely recognized, multi-tiered approach that incorporates the early identification of students that demonstrate a deficiency and the appropriate interventionRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effects2558 Words   |  11 PagesRaise Smart Kid, 2014; Craton, 2014; Linton, 2014). Anad (2007) used Scholastic Aptitude Tests and grade-point average (GPA) to analyze the relationship between video game and academic performance. According to the study, the quantity of time a learner spend playing video games is negatively correlated to GPA and SAT scores. The increase in the time a student spend on video games leads to a decrease in GPA and SAT scores to students regardless of the age (Anad, 2007). The use of GPA to assess

Economics and National Income - 1160 Words

Answers to End-of-Chapter Questions in Chapter 17 1. An economy is currently in equilibrium. The following figures refer to elements in its national income accounts. | | £ billions | |Consumption (total) |60 | |Investment |5 | |Government expenditure |8 | |Imports |10 | |Exports |7 | (a) What is the current equilibrium level of national income? (b) What is the level of injections? (c) What is the level of withdrawals? (d) Assuming that tax revenues are  £7 billion, how much is the level of saving?†¦show more content†¦4. Construct a table similar to Table 17.2 (on page 477), only this time assume that the mpcd is  ¾. Show that national income will increase by  £640 million. Table 16.1(a) The multiplier round: original table in text ————————————————————— Period (J (Y (Cd (W ( £m) ( £m) ( £m) ( £m) ————————————————————— 1 160 160 80 80 ( 2 – 80 40 40 ( 3 – 40 20 20 ( 4 – 20 10 10 ( 5 – 10 5 5 ( 6 – 5 . . . . . . ————————————————————— 1 ( ( 320 160 160 ————————————————————— Table 16.1(b) The multiplier round: answer to question: mpcd =  ¾ —————————————————————— Period (J (Y (Cd (W ( £m) ( £m) ( £m) ( £m) —————————————————————— 1 160 160 120 40 ( 2 – 120 90 30Show MoreRelatedEconomics - National Income2400 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿ECONOMICS TITLE : NATIONAL INCOME TEAM MEMBERS : SARAH CHIN, ARDEN, NURUL NADYRAH FIR DAUS LECTURER : MR.MANO TABLE OF CONTENT 1. INTRODUCTION TO NATIONAL INCOME 3, 4 2. BACKGROUND OF NATIONAL INCOME 5, 6 3. THE MEASUREMENT OF NATIONAL INCOME 7, 8 4. THE PROBLEMS IN MEASURING NATIONAL INCOME 9, 5. 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National income is calculated using a variety of different methods. Some of the more popular methods include GDP (Gross Domestic Product), GNP (Gross National Product), NNP (Net National Product), NNI (Net National Income) PI (Personal

Reflection On Literacy Observation - 1546 Words

My placement, at Alexander Goode Elementary School, is in Kindergarten and does not have a Science curriculum. While talking to my cooperating teacher, Ms. Gifford, she informed me they are so focused on getting behavior under control in the beginning of the year. Also, students enter the classroom with little phonemic awareness and prior knowledge to literacy concepts. The first lesson I observed was from 9:00 to 10:30 in the morning. The students began with morning meeting. They determined the day of the month, day of the week, and the month. While determining the various parts of the month, week, and days, Ms. Gifford related these back to a pattern and everything repeats eventually. She demonstrated this by singing the months of the†¦show more content†¦When everyone was sitting on the carpet, Ms. Gifford demonstrated how to cut the booklet out by cutting on the solid lines. Students helped her know when to stop cutting by saying, â€Å"Go, go, go, stop!† When Ms. Gifford was finished, she relisted the instructions. She called the students back to their seats and began cutting their booklets out. Once the booklets were complete, the students sat at the carpet and Ms. Gifford read the book, â€Å"David Goes to School,† by David Shannon. While reading this book, she prompted scientific questions, such as making predictions and analyzing the pages to understand the situation. For example, one question was, â€Å"Is David happy or sad?† Once students answered this question, she asked how they know this and they had to analyze the picture and words to show evidence for their reasoning. Although there is not a science curriculum, Ms. Gifford began some standards. The first standard is 1-ESS1-1, which is to, â€Å"Use observations of the sun, moon, and stars to describe patterns that can be predicted.† Ms. Gifford did not address the astronomical part of this standard, although she does address the patterns section in the first lesson when she was explaining the days of the week and the months of the year are a pattern. The second standard Ms. Gifford taught was ETS1-1, which is to, â€Å"Ask questions, make observations, and gather information about a situation people want to change to define a simple problem that can beShow MoreRelatedLiteracy Instruction Data Collection Tool Essay1275 Words   |  6 PagesLiteracy Instruction Data Collection Tool This lesson observation data tool is for the observation and support of literacy instruction and learning. Any data collected is to be used for instructional planning, modification, and/or reflection upon instructional practices. Data collected is based upon observation of a single literacy lesson. 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The receptive language which is also the listening comprehension is fosteredRead MoreAssessment And Intervention Of Print Knowledge1705 Words   |  7 PagesPersonal Reflection of Action Assignment: Assessment and Intervention of Print Knowledge to Students with Severe Disabilities Breannah Davis-Bloom Radford University â€Æ' Introduction Emergent literacy development is a foundational principle commonly acquired prior to inclusion into a formal educational setting. Literacy development is a uniquely dynamic concept, consciously and unconsciously embedded in the everyday lives of children. As a result of diversity in family dynamics, literacy levels canRead MoreLiteracy Is The Key For Future Success Essay948 Words   |  4 PagesLiteracy is the key to future success. We have all heard this clichà ©, but as a future English teacher I passionately believe literacy is the key to success! 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A successful PLC is implemented with brief classroom walkthroughs. Classroom observations that are informal can be vital as they allow for gathering data on instruction and student learning. The school improvement committee and administrator at various schools used a building PLC. The principal collected data during walkthroughs on student learning and reported results for reflection and professional developmentRead MoreEssay Classroom Teacher Observation Report1186 Words   |  5 PagesA. Evaluation Form or Observation Protocol The evaluation form that was used to evaluate a classroom teacher’s performance is a rubric used by the school district (Hillsborough County Public Schools, 2012). A1. Performance Factors The teacher was rated using a rubric with specific criteria in four domains including planning and preparation, the classroom environment, instruction, and professional responsibilities (Hillsborough County Public Schools, 2012). Within each of these domains are componentsRead MoreWk2Assgn706 Words   |  3 Pageschildren under the age of six are capable of making thoughtful decisions about their behavior and environment (Epstein, 2003). They may even try to explain their behavior to others. In the case of Josh, a three year old boy that I will use for my observation and assessment project, social skills are still in the process of being developed and he hasnt begun to really start speaking at this point. After interviewing Joshs parents I was told that Josh says very few words and doesnt speak at all inRead MoreTeaching Middle School English Language Arts1359 Words   |  6 Pages Tracy Dorsey, a Literacy Integration Specialist, provided me with an abundance of information involving her job title. She has a Bachelor’s degree in English Education, as well as, a Master’s in Supervision. Along with being well-educated, she is also highly-experienced after teaching middle school English language arts for 13 years in a Title 1 school. She believes that her past experiences in education have helped her in her position as a reading specialist, because it helped her relate

Moot Court Outline free essay sample

First, [substantive legal argument – strongest point] 2. Second [substantive legal argument] 3. And Third, as a matter of public policy OR as public policy dictates, [policy argument] ARGUMENT 1. With respect to the first point your honors . . . OR First, . . . CONCLUSION Since [first point], [second point], and [third point], Petitioner/Respondent respectfully requests that this Court finds ____ a violation of international law. Thank you. [REBUTTAL (for Petitioner ONLY)] Respondent made one/two point(s) that I would like to address. (First) Respondent stated that . . However, . . . OR Respondent contends that _____. However, . . . MISCELLANEOUS SUGGESTIONS For Rebuttal: o Attack misstatements and glossed-over weaknesses. o Address concerns of the court. o One to two points – most important point first. If you obviously and/or materially misspeak, say â€Å"rather, ____† OR â€Å"pardon me your honors, what I mean to say is ____† and correct yourself. If you are really hard-pressed for a transition, say, â€Å"which brings me to my second/third point† and find a way to fit what you were talking about into that point. We will write a custom essay sample on Moot Court Outline or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If you are going to quote a case, drop the case language verbatim into your outline and KNOW the pin cite. If you aren’t sure what the judge is asking, seek clarification. o This can also be used as a stall tactic if you are unsure how to answer the question. o Say something like, â€Å"Your honor, I want to make certain I understand your question, would you mind regarding-phrasing? † DON’T: o Say, â€Å"I don’t know† in response to a question. ? If you don’t know the answer, say something more like, â€Å"Your honor, I am unable to fully answer your question at this time. However, I would be more than happy to submit a supplemental brief on the issue/matter/case. † o Smile or laugh or otherwise lose composure during argument (unless the judges are smiling and laughing and you feel it would be inappropriate to NOT smile and laugh). o Take a pen up to the podium. DO: o Outline your argument! ? Try to reduce your argument to 2-3 pages. ? Use headings and sub-heading. Bold, capitalize, etc. for ease of reference. ? Use a manila folder to organize your arguments. †¢ Take nothing but that manila folder up to the podium. Listen carefully to opposing counsel’s arguments and the judges’ questions. ? Take verbatim notes of both. Quote and/or directly address if appropriate. o Know, in advance of the argument, which points you are willing to concede (if any). o Preface your answers with the following: ? Yes your honor, however . . . ? No your honor. †¢ Be cautious using this one – it can appear less-than deferential. ? I (re spectfully) disagree with your honor’s characterization/construction of . . . o Have your introduction, [procedural blurb], roadmap, and conclusion memorized.

Islam The Straight Path Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Islam The Straight Path Essay, Research Paper Islam The Straight Path An rating of the book by John L. Esposito: Islam The Straight Path. In this book, Esposito provides a compendious, up-to-date study of the Islamic experience, an debut to the religion, belief, and pattern of Islam from its beginnings to its modern-day revival. He traces the outgrowth and development of this dynamic religion and its impact on universe history and political relations. He discusses the formation of Islamic belief and pattern ( jurisprudence, divinity, doctrine, and mysticism ) , chronicling the battle of Muslims to specify and adhere to their Islamic manner of life. Equally of import is the indispensable information Esposito provides on the modern-day universe of Islam, from Muslim responses to the challenges of colonialism and modernisation to the reaffirmation of Islam in political relations and society. This introductory book in the instruction of Islam and Islamic manner of life by Esposito can be categorized in three different subdivisions with assorted sub-tittles. We will write a custom essay sample on Islam The Straight Path Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page First subdivision dressed ores on structural elements of Islam that includes Messenger and the Message ; that are Muhammad and the Holy Koran. Second subdivision is about The outgrowth of Islamic individuality, as the Muslim Community, which includes the belief and the pattern of the faith. And eventually the modern Interpretations of Islam. Esposito introduces three constructs ; in the first three chapters he explains what Islam is. I believe that he did an first-class occupation in showing pre-Islamic clip for Arabia and its encompassing part. But I besides believe that concentrating on Muhammad # 8217 ; s ( PBUH ) life has small relevant to Islam. Because Islam is based chiefly on the completion message of God to the World. I believe if a non-Muslim reader attempt were to understand Islam through this book he or she would compare it to the construct of Jesus, or David the Texan cult leader, and many others. I found that Esposito guides its readers to a clear apprehension of Muslims and non-Muslim prospective. However, he is a manager of centre for Muslim-Christian apprehension. Esposito has emphasized on the sanctum Quran, Gods message and the courier. I besides believe that he has introduced a clear guideline for Muslims and their pattern. Puting out their Torahs, beliefs, attitudes, values, and other spiritual duties. I besides found that Esposito writes with good academic purposes and composing on Islam from a western position. Esposito describes the worlds of the Muslim universe in their battle to specify their societal, political, and economical individuality. Although, he points that many of these aspirations are kept short due to miss of strong and faithful governments in the Muslim universe. As Esposito, introduces the religion, belief, and the pattern of Islam from pre-historic times one can clearly see the spiritual events and the battle of a faith through clip. As on page 31, Esposito says, # 8221 ; Muslims throughout the centuries, the message of the Koran and the illustrations of the Prophet # 8221 ; are the indispensable edifice axis of Muslim life. He besides e mphasizes on the importance of Islam history and civilisation, because he believes that they are the † record of that battle to construe and to follow the Straight Path.† ( Esposito 31:1998 ) Esposito besides, introduces the thought of Modernism, that Islamic times have non merely merely brought faith entirely but besides economic and military adversities to the West, as he puts it, # 8220 ; dispute to western engineering # 8221 ; . The impact of western imperialism has besides impacted the Islamic universe. As the book evolves, he talks about Modern states ; secular, Muslim and Islamic. Giving illustrations, such as Turkey being in the layman sector, Iran as the Islamic, and eventually the Muslim sector of modern states including Jordan and Egypt. Coming to an terminal at the Muslims of Western Europe, the presence of Muslims in Europe is non a new force, but a coevals of besieging and conquer. Over the old ages Ottomans and other missionaries have put forward their thought of Islam in many parts of Europe, including Bosnia and Romania. The Importance of Understanding Muslims and Islam: Moslems and Islam are two related footings, at the same clip different in its application. Let us first talk about the importance of understanding the term Muslims. Moslems are people who belong to the faith Islam. Muslims could move in assorted ways, showing their actions otherwise, a Muslim from India or South Africa. Another good illustration of a Muslim position would be, the public presentation of their political and sect actions. For illustration, Saidi Qutb of Egypt believed the West is corrupt in their actions and he has different position of the West. The other illustration would be Saudi Arabia # 8217 ; s credence of United States Forces to set down in the holy topographic point of Islam and welcoming the West. Our 2nd inquiry trades with the apprehension of Islam. The message that this faith brings to the universe is of import to understand that Islam claims the holy message of God, a force that has brought a completion to the Hagiographas of the three sanctum books of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Islam is a faith that has brought peace, enlightenment, and integrity to the faithful. I feel that this book could steer Muslims and non-Muslims in organizing clear positions on specific Islamic spiritual issues. In decision, throughout the book # 8220 ; Islam the Straight Path # 8221 ; , many apprehensions come about by looking at the many battles of any peculiar community. For the intent of this book reappraisal, I went through the book to hold on an apprehension of the rubric # 8220 ; The Straight Path # 8221 ; . For many centuries Muslims around the universe have experienced the transmutation of their society. The of import forces that build Islam and Muslims together are the spiritual life, religion, beliefs and patterns. Today Muslims around the universe face many challenges of leaders that build the community whether it is a secular or an Muslim state. As illustrations given earlier about modernisation which includes states such as Turkey and on the other side of the spectrum the pattern of Islamic Shariah. As a concluding note, my chief aim from this book reappraisal is to see Islam from the oculus of Muslims and Non-Muslims alike.

Memory essays

Memory essays What exactly is memory? In Book ten, more specifically, Chapters eight through fourteen of The Confessions of St. Augustine, Augustine examines what he believes the memory to be, and how it functions. Augustine first addresses memory specifically in Chapter eight of Book ten where he describes memory as where are treasures of countless images of things of every manner . . . [and] also whatever we think about . . . (p. 236). He can recall any of these memories that forgetfulness has not yet swallowed up and buried away . . . (p. 236). It may take longer to remember some things than others, for some things may have to be searched for, sifting through other memories that jump into his mind that he must brush away until they are needed. Inside ones memory everything is kept distinct and according to kind . . . (p. 236). Each is obtained through its respective sensory organ and stored for whenever it may be needed. Although the things themselves do not enter . . . (p. 237), images of them are kept. But Augustine ponders how these images are remembered. For when one remembers remembers a sound, he can still hear other things. Also in the memory, Augustine talks of remembering things he has done or others have told him of, and these can be conjured up at any moment in order to influence his many decisions which he must make. Augustine ends the chapter by proclaiming Great is the power of memory, exceedingly great is it, O God, and inner chamber, vast and unbounded! (p. 238). In this final paragraph he amazes at that which is memory. He says that men go to great lengths in order to gaze at mountain heights, at huge waves in the sea, at the broad expanse of flowing rivers, at the wide reaches of the ocean, and at the circuits of the stars . . . (p. 238), but they fail to observe the wonder which is within themselves. They do not appreciate...

Name As Object Of Self-Identical Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Name As Object Of Self-Identical - Essay Example In addition, names are responsible for how we first perceive ourselves. Parents after naming their children interact with them using these names. Names describe a person’s present self and more often than not they help people in forming their own first impressions. Names, whether given by parents or individually chosen are key in developing one’s self-identity. People try to live up or run away from their names. The concept of self-identity, in recent years, has been the subject of many psychological, social and anthropology discussions (Perry, 2002, p4). This essay will analyze the influence a name or names have on the self-identity of a person, culture, organization or country. In anthropology, the term self-identity is usually in the context of ethnic identity. That is the perception of oneself, or self-sameness, in regard to others. Their joint characteristics of language and culture of the group form the group’s identity. Names and identities are peas in a pod. They are similar in nature as people confuse the two quite a lot. Names can refer to identities but they do not dictate an object’s or person’s self-identity. Names, unlike other identifying markers, are not subject to stereotyping. People rarely associate a name with a behavior or reputation; however, the name provides a platform from which a person judges his fellow human. A name, let us say â€Å"John†, quickly resonates with people. From this name, people are able to quickly know your background, compare you to other â€Å"Johns† they know, among other relevant information they have on the name â€Å"John†. These observations summarize the powerful effects a name has on others. After birth, parents spend plenty of time researching and considering the name they will give to their child (Perry, 2002, p5). Several factors are considered when choosing a child’s name as it prepares the child for the future. Parents will give strong names for their boys and feminine names for the boys. Majority of parents will choose names that are not prone to teasing or mocking by other children or people when they grow up.

International Marketing Strategy for Multinational Company Essay - 1

International Marketing Strategy for Multinational Company - Essay Example This paper illustrates that the global expansion helps a company in many ways. It increases the brand value in the global market, due to globalization an organization can earn huge revenue and can maximize the profit. Moreover, global expansion can give a huge market share to the operating company. The companies may face several internal and external challenges while practicing international business. Depending on the core competency, strengths, and competitive advantages the particular organization has to develop their global business plan. Wal-Mart is the largest American multinational retail chain established in the year 1962 currently headquartered in Bentonville, United States. The company has ranked top in the list of fortune 500 in two consecutive years. It is the third largest public limited company in the global market. The employee strength of Wal-Mart is more than two million internationally. Wal-Mart has made its position on New York stock exchange in the year 1972. The c ompany operates on their own in countries like Canada, Brazil, and Argentina. They have the outlets in China, South America, UK. They have ventured into countries like South Korea and Germany. ASDA, one of the leading UK based retail chain is the Subsidiary of Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart offers different luxurious and consumer durable goods to its customers. The broad range of different product categories that include crafts, movie DVDs, gift items, shoes, jewelry, cosmetics, garments, home appliance, video games, outdoor living, grocery, college essentials, toys and much more are available in a Wal-Mart outlet globally. The various product ranges have increased the core competency of Wal-Mart in a global market.

Volvo Group Of Companies and the challenges it faces

Volvo Group Of Companies and the challenges it faces 1 Introduction AB Volvo is the mother company of the Volvo Group of companies with its head office in Gothenburg, Sweden. The company was formed in 1924, with the first Volvo truck rolling off the production line in Sweden in 1928. The Volvo Group is one of the worlds leading suppliers of transport solutions for commercial use, also providing complete solutions for finance and servicing. This mission statement for the company is ‘By creating value for our customers we create value for our shareholders. We use our expertise to create transport-related hard and soft products of the superior quality, safety and environmental care for demanding customers in selected segments. We work with energy, passion and respect for the individual (AB Volvo Group Presentation 2011). Volvo as a group is tremendously proud of the core corporate values of, Safety, Quality and Environment and has retained and lived by these values from the start of the organisation. These three values are evident in every aspect of the business. The Volvo Group has now grown to become the second largest manufacturer globally of heavy trucks, and as illustrated in Figure 1.1 incorporates many different brands. As illustrated in Figure 1.2 , the Volvo Group is separated into business areas and business units. The business areas are responsible for generating revenues for the company and the business units are the recognised support units to support all business areas. Volvo Information Technology (Volvo IT) is the recognised support business unit for information technology strategy and systems support. Volvo IT does not confine their business to the Volvo Group, outsourcing their expertise to such organisations as the Ford motor company and the Stockholm Government. This ensures the Volvo IT is continually benchmarking the Volvo Group to other businesses in the open market to stay in the market forefront. Volvo Group works with external interest groups to continue to develop and drive progress in the transportation industry, especially on projects that align with the corporate values of quality, safety and environmental care. An example project requiring the key involvement of Volvo IT is the Alternative Fuels project. This project is examining a viable replacement of fossil fuels for commercial applications (Alternative Fuels 2011). In the Alternative Fuels project, the Volvo Group is working with customers, suppliers and governments to investigate workable fossil free fuels, with all business areas and units working towards making this possible. Volvo IT is involved to introduce software changes for engine management systems to ensure clean burning of these fuels. The solution is to utilise a centralised and shared IT infrastructure, platform and software application serving content to authorised users over the web. In this report we discuss the IT infrastructure issues and challenges for the Volvo Group and the business benefits and costs of a modern IT model called Cloud Computing. Recommendations are provided as to the adoption of Cloud Computing by the Volvo Group followed by concluding statements. 2 IT Infrastructure: issues and challenges 2.1 IT infrastructure challenges Two of the major components {Laudon, 2010 #159}of an IT infrastructure that must be coordinated by a firm include computer hardware platforms and enterprise software applications ( Laudon Laudon 2010, p. 203). These two essential components of an organisations IT infrastructure ecosystem ( Laudon Laudon 2010, p. 203) are concentrated on in this report as they exhibit the most risk to the Volvo Groups business, but they also provide the most opportunities for an information technology strategy to add business value to the Volvo Group. An information system is defined by Laudon Laudon ( 2010, p. 46) as ‘a set of interrelated components that collect (or retrieve), process, store, and distribute information to support decision making and control in an organisation. In modern organisations, most information systems are implemented via IT infrastructure that includes computer hardware platforms and enterprise software applications. These systems are ‘typically the backbone of an organisations information flow and the main vehicle for consolidating business information ( Bisbal et al. 1999, p. 103) and their failure can have a significant impact on the business. 2.2 Legacy information systems Information systems that have been in existence for a long time and continue to be resistant to modification and evolution due to a high replacement or redesign cost are called legacy information systems ( Brodie Stonebraker 1995, p. 103; Laudon Laudon 2010, p. 634). The evolution or appearance of legacy information systems in an organisation can also typically occur due to mergers and acquisitions ( Macknight 2005, p. 14). As described by Bisbal ( 1999, p. 103), legacy information systems can cause an organisation a number of problems: Running on old or obsolete hardware. Expensive software maintenance. Inflexibility in extending the systems. Difficult to integrate with other systems. Long failure or disaster recovery times. Old and obsolete hardware can be power hungry. Replacement can be expensive or sometimes impossible due to lack of skills or unavailable parts. Some organisations need to maintain spares holding and skills within their organisation to mitigate such risks. Similarly skills in software maintenance and fault-finding may be hard to out-source or outsourced service levels may not align with the needs of the business. The system may need to be flexible and able to integrate with other systems in order to respond to changing business requirements ( Bennett et al. 1999, p. 153) 2.3 The evolution of Volvos global information systems strategy Volvo Group has seen an increase in their legacy information systems mainly due to the impact of company acquisitions over the years. Many areas in the IT infrastructure ecosystem ( Laudon Laudon 2010, p. 203) required particular attention during acquisitions to ensure compliance through coordination of the many components of the ecosystem. Hardware platforms differed as did internet platforms. Data management and storage needed to be centralised. The need to change and centralise was evident. Throughout these acquisitions, the focus of the information management strategy of the Volvo Group has been to ensure key enterprise systems are incorporated into the acquired organisations. The ERP system based on SAP is an example one of the key enterprise systems common throughout the entire Volvo Group. In contrast, supply chain systems have remained as point solutions unique to each business area and physically deployed on a geographically separated basis. As specified by ( Ives Jarvenpaa 1991, p. 34), a ‘global information technology application contributes to achieving a firms global business strategy by using information technology platforms to store, transmit and manipulate data across cultural environments. With AB Volvo being a true global corporation experiencing ongoing growth through acquisition, challenges have presented themselves in most countries with legacy systems across the supply chain. Cultural diversity such as different languages utilised from regional area to regional area continue to discourage the upgrade of legacy supply chain systems. Also, the resultant point solutions all require local IT support. Evidently, having multiple point solutions poses many challenges for the Volvo Group, but it also causes misalignment with their core corporate values. For example, the Volvo Group core value of environmental care leads to goals to reduce energy usage in efforts to reduce the companys carbon footprint. With the multiple point solutions, and many of these being legacy systems, there would be a propensity for excessive energy usage due to the hardware platforms not complying with environmental requirements and other inefficiencies. There are better solutions available. Hospitals in the USA have started to use energy efficient, environmentally friendly hardware, as well as using cloud like technology for patient files access and program access ( Does Green Really Pay Off? Ideas from Hospitals That Say Yes!   2009). 3 Cloud Computing and its business benefits and costs 3.1 Cloud computing explained Cloud computing is referred to as a ‘model of computing by Laudon Laudon ( 2010, p. 196) ‘where firms and individuals obtain computing power and software applications over the Internet, rather than purchasing their own hardware and software. Typically ‘cloud computing infrastructure resides in a large data centre and is managed by a third party ( Jaeger et al. 2008, p. 270). Gilbert ( 2010, p. 1) states that ‘Cloud computing has been recognised as one of the most important developments in information technology in the past 60 years. Globally, organisations are implementing cloud computing solutions in order to reduce costs; be more responsive to market demands; to share information more readily and rapidly; ( Gilbert 2010, p. 1); to provide better customer service, and much more. Cloud computing has been enabled through technological drivers such as reducing communication costs, the internet and its growing speed, smaller footprints required for more processing power and data storage, advances in internet security, virtualisation and much more. Figure 3.1 describes further characteristics of the cloud environment. 3.2 Cloud computing service models Cloud computing services can be provided in three models ( Gilbert 2010, pp. 18-9) Infrastructure as a service (IaaS), Platform as a service (PaaS), and Software as a service (SaaS). These models are described in more detail in Figure 3.1. For organisations such as Volvo, the cloud computing service models tend towards the use of IaaS and SaaS. The staff of Network World ( 2007, p. 28) quote eBays Paul Strong as stating ‘companies must decide what is core to their business and what can be commoditised as a utility served up by a SaaS (software as a service) provider. Cloud service providers are able to consolidate computing resources enabling cost reductions derived from centralised management and economies of scale, passing on these cost savings to the user of the cloud service who can utilise the service without the initial capital outlay and maintenance of a dedicated infrastructure ( Jaeger et al. 2008, p. 270). 3.3 Cloud computing delivery models Cloud delivery models can be public, private, hybrid or community ( Gilbert 2010, p. 19). These are described in more detail in Figure 3.1. For organisations, cloud computing ‘presents many major problems of information policy, including issues of privacy, security, reliability, access and regulation ( Jaeger et al. 2008, pp. 269-70) with legislation lagging commercial interest in this computing model. In evaluating their potential utilisation of a cloud computing service, organisations would need to consider a range of issues. Two typical issues revolve around trust in the integrity of the service provider. Organisations would need to trust in the ability of a cloud service provider to ensure the security of their valuable private information. There must also be trust in the business continuity of the service provider, along with the ability of the service provider to maintain their quoted service levels ensuring the appropriate access and reliability of the service. Subsequently organisations are more likely to take up a private cloud delivery model for enterprise software applications and computer hardware platforms. For larger global organisations with multiple business units, such as Volvo, a hybrid model of a private cloud and community cloud delivery model would be more desirable. Such a model is illustrated in Figure 3.2 3.4 Cloud computing business benefits to Volvo The Volvo Group can benefit greatly from the use of cloud computing. With the group having its own business unit that handles and manages IT requirements, Volvo Group has an opportunity to reduce costs from infrastructure and hardware duplications, have competitive advantage via speed to market of new services for customers and reducing the costs of good sold into markets via supply chains. Other benefits to the group include much lower cost of entry and capital expenditure, low and transparent cost of ownership, and tax advantages ( OSullivan 2009, p. 21). The supply chain systems within the Volvo Group are characterised as legacy point solutions with regionally located and managed data centres housing multiple software applications and hardware platforms, each providing the same business function. These legacy supply chain information systems would appear to be prime candidates for replacement by a cloud computing solution. Indeed, supply chain systems are one of the types of systems that are quickly moving from their traditional platforms to the cloud computing model ( OSullivan 2009, p. 20). 4 Recommendation of cloud computing adoption/adaptation 4.1 Volvos five year strategy The five year strategy from the Volvo Group is to continue to reduce their environmental impact, produce quality products in all areas of their business and continue to create value to customers and shareholders. A key aspect of the Volvo Groups five year strategy is to continue to reduce the carbon output in all areas of the business (Volvo Truck Corporation Sweden 2011). Laudon Laudon ( 2010, p. 223) provide six factors that should be used to answer the question â€Å"How much should our firm spend on IT infrastructure?†. They are: 1. Market demand for Volvos services These are ever increasing with more services being provided to Volvo Truck Customers through the complete life of the vehicle. 2. Volvo Business Strategy The group will continue to develop services and vehicles that reduce CO2 footprint and lead to better ways of commercial transportation. 3. Volvo information technology strategy, infrastructure and cost A cloud computing model should be considered for the replacement of supply chain information systems and considered for further system replacements and introductions. 4. Information Technology assessment The adoption of a cloud computing model would not be considered to be lagging behind the technology curve, nor would adoption at this stage be considered early. A review of the risks associated with policy associated with the implementation of a cloud computing model should be undertaken before adopting the model. 5. Competitor firms services Many other European competitors are experimenting with cloud computing. 6. Competitor firms IT Infrastructure investments Mercedes Benz are also investing in future services for customers, showing a trend of high IT infrastructure investment for the global market (Daimler Trucks Germany 2011). 7. Investment can be sought into cloud computing on a business case basis, generating revenues for Volvo IT, and reducing costs for Volvo business areas on a user pays system. Investment in IT infrastructure will give a competitive advantage to the Volvo Group. Investment can be sought into cloud computing on a business case basis, generating revenues for Volvo IT, and reducing costs for Volvo business areas on a user pays system. 4.2 Plan to consolidate of legacy supply chain information systems For the replacement of legacy information systems, Volvo Group Australia has the option to upgrade the current local legacy systems and servers. This would result in high upfront and ongoing costs. Another option is to move to centralised systems hosted by Volvo IT with all storage, maintenance and upgrading performed centrally for considerably less cost. Supply chain system workflows typically extend beyond the internal organisation, typically to dealers (retailers). A cloud computing model can connect entire networks of suppliers and service providers providing efficiency and cost savings ( Ford 2010, pp. 57-8). It is recommended that the Volvo IT department adopt a cloud computing model for the replacement of legacy supply chain systems. This model should be based on a global policy taking into account the issues surrounding cloud computing and its characteristic lag behind appropriate legislation and legal precedence. It is expected that the most appropriate model will be a SaaS service model delivered via a hybrid of a Private and Community model with the cloud service provider being Volvo IT. The cloud community members in this model would be the Volvo Groups Business Areas. The recommendation would be to identify all legacy supply chain information systems across the Volvo Group as candidates for replacement by a SaaS solution under the hybrid model. A business case aligning with the Volvo Groups corporate values should be completed for the replacement of each system or groups of systems. A pilot implementation of a cloud computing solution should be utilised as a proof of concept before a larger roll-out. The recommended pilot implementation is the TruckShop SaaS. 4.3 TruckShop SaaS Pilot Volvo Group Australia has the requirement to upgrade an online catalogue purchasing supply chain information system called TruckShop that allows dealers (retailers) to purchase truck parts via suppliers of the Volvo Group. The TruckShop SaaS model would represent the characteristics of Cloud computing, namely on demand service, internet accessibility, pooled resources, elastic capacity and usage based billing ( Goodburn Hill 2010). The service developed for the TruckShop project will be able to be sold to other business areas in AB Volvo to provide similar solutions. TruckShop is currently running on a legacy system platform with local servers in Sydney. Maintenance and upgrade costs are on the increase, with limitations also being evident on performance and capability to meet current user requirements. Energy consumption costs were noted as increasing due to more servers being required to store data. Whilst the costs of hardware had reduced in the last 10 years, the Volvo Group Australia wanted to capture more data to analyse business trends, something evident in most industries globally ( Tallon 2010). The legacy systems also are prone to downtime, costing thousands of dollars in lost revenue while not being available to the dealer network. 4.4 Post TruckShop pilot Should the TruckShop pilot prove successful the system is recommended to be rolled out into other business areas. The continuing success of the TruckShop roll out is expected to result in high availability, high reliability, low entry cost and ongoing cost effectiveness for all users of the system. All new supply chain enterprise system projects, and indeed other candidate enterprise systems within the group would be recommended to proceed with this cloud computing service and delivery model to ensure overall cost reductions, efficiency gains, centralising and amortising maintenance, upgrades and improvements across all business areas. 5 Conclusions For cloud computing solutions, Volvo IT would generate their revenue by charging the Business Area departments based on the number of users. Users could apply for only the access to systems that they required. System updates and improvements would be performed centrally in Sweden, and users would not have to concern themselves with updates nor have to present their hardware to IT to update. The pilot of TruckShop should prove to the company what cloud computing can achieve. Many other business areas in the Volvo Group can benefit from adopting cloud computing practices. With technology being built into Volvo Trucks, and the focus on providing business partnerships more online services will be developed into the future.  

To Kill a Mockingbird: An Analysis of Discrimination Essay -- Kill Moc

To Kill a Mockingbird: An Analysis of Discrimination The most important theme of the 1960 Pulitzer Prize winning novel To Kill a Mockingbird is author Harper Lee’s tenacious exploration of the moral nature of people. Lee tenaciously explores the moral nature of human beings, especially the struggle in every human soul between discrimination and tolerance. The novel is very effective in not only revealing prejudice, but in examining the nature of prejudice, how it works, and its consequences. One of the ways it accomplishes this is by dramatizing the main characters’, Scout and Jem’s, maturing transition from a perspective of childhood innocence. Initially, because they have never seen or experienced evil themselves, they assume that all people are good by nature and tolerant of others. It is not until they see things from a more realistic adult perspective that they are able to confront evil, as well as prejudice, and incorporate it into their understanding of the world (Castleman). As a result of this skillful literary portrayal by Harper Lee of the psychological transition from innocence to experience to realization, To Kill a Mockingbird succeeds admirably in portraying the very real threat that hatred, prejudice, and ignorance have always posed to the innocent. Simple, trusting, good-hearted characters such as Tom Robinson and Boo Radley are tragically unprepared. They are ill-equipped emotionally and psychologically to deal with the unexpected depths of the prejudice they encounter -- and as a result, they are destroyed. Even Jem is victimized to a certain extent by his discovery of the evil of prejudice and its hidden power over so many people during and after the controversial trial (Bergman and ... ... to view the world from his perspective ensures that she will not become jaded as she loses her innocence. In conclusion, in To Kill a Mockingbird, author Harper Lee tenaciously explores the moral nature of human beings, especially the struggle in every human soul between discrimination and tolerance. The novel is very effective in not only revealing prejudice, but in examining the nature of prejudice, how it works, and its consequences. Bibliography Bergman, Paul, and Asimow, Michael. Reel Justice. New York: Andrews and McMeel, 1996. Castleman, Tamara. Cliffsnotes’ Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird. New York: Cliffsnotes, 2000. Lee, Harper. To Kill a Mockingbird. New York: Harper Collins, 1999. To Kill a Mockingbird. Dir. Robert Mulligan. Perf. Gregory Peck, Mary Badham, Crahan Denton, Philip Alford. Universal-International, 1962.

Black&Decker Corporation Essay

Black & Decker was incorporated in 1910. Begun by Duncan Black and Alonzo Decker, Black & Decker’s first power tool was an electric drill in 1916. They went on to develop and offer the first portable screwdriver, electric hammer, as well as finishing sanders and jigsaws all the way up to the hugely successful dust buster in 1978. Over the next 70 years, the company established itself as dominant name in power tool and accessories, first in the United States and then accros a broad global front but particularly in europe. Growth was achieved by adding to its lineup of power tools and accessories and by increasing its penetration of more and more foreign markets Symptons, Issues and Problems Issues in this case is diversification strategy runned by Black & Decker corporation. As a diversified global manufacturer and marketer of household, commercial, and industrial product, Black & Decker need to develop and choose the right strategy for diversification. This case particularly discuss diversification of Black & Decker corporation during late 1980’s to early 1990’s, where Black & Decker which is established as dominant name in power tools and accessories, began to pursue diversification. It is because the continuing maturity of its core power tools business. During the 1980’s Black and Decker had established themselves as a leader in the power tool industry. However, they were feels that the market for such tools was maturing to the point where expansion within the industry would provide little or no additional revenues so they decided to diversify. Black and Decker began their expansion operation by acquiring General Electric’s housewares business, the leader in the industry, for $300 million in 1984. The success of the GE deal, and the reorganization efforts of their new CEO Nolan Archibald, led Black and Decker to continue on this path of acquisitions and diversification in other areas. Then, various acquisitions and acquisition attemp made by Black & Decker in their strategy to diversified. But the biggest and most noticed was the acquisition of Emrat Corporation, a diversified manufacturer of industrial product, for a $2.8 billion in March 1988. This steps is considered to be very bad decisions made by Black & Decker. Analysis Change in strategy In the mid 1980s, Black & Decker feels that the power tool market had matured to the point where there is no much room for further growth. Black & Decker then decided to change their corporate strategy from single business firm into diversified company. In 1984 they began to diversify. First they tried to get into the small household appliance market. Rather than create their own line, Black & Decker decided to acquire General Electric’s unit of household appliances for $300 million. Although it was a small part of GE’s company, it held more market share than other houseware distributors (25 percent of the market and the leadership position). That acquisition gives an additional $500 million a year in revenue for Black & Decker because it was able to offer products like irons, coffee makers and toasterswhich. This began a trend of acquisitions by Black and Decker expanding into various related and unrelated markets with varying levels of success. This various acquisitions allowed Black & Decker to offer even more new products such as portable woodworking tools and stronger drill bits. After all the new changes, Black & Decker Manufacturing Company also changed its name to Black & Decker Corporation to help market those changes The successful story of GE’s household appliance division acquisition in 1988, has triggered Black & Decker to tried again. Only this time the company of interest was American Standard Inc. American Standard had an impressive $127 million profit in 1987, which towered above the mere $70 million for Black & Decker. But then, the acquisition was unsuccessful. The Emhart acquisitions The failed attempts by Black & Decker in 1988 did not stop Black & Decker moves to acquiring other company. In 1989, Black & Decker acquiring Emhart for the price of $2.8 billion, a price that 33% premium over Emhart’s preannouncement value. This acquisition may not have been the best move for Black & Decker because its stock price dropped 15 points after the announcement of the acquisition. After difficult negotiation of exactly how the acquisition would occur, Black & Decker decided to pay for Emhart for the next 48 years. The deal put over $2 billion in goodwill on Black & Decker’s books and increased debt to over $4 billion just before the credit markets were about to contract severely. With the exception of a few businesses like Price Pfister faucets and Kwikset locks, which represented just $600 million in sales, Emhart made no sense for Black & Decker. Several of its subsidiaries were quickly placed on the block. But then suddenly the economy became sluggish and the market slowed down, Black & Decker stock slumped from a pre-acquisition $25 to $8 per share. Archibald (Black & Decker’s CEO at that time) had to scramble to keep the company solvent. Archibald’s plan was to sell off about $1.8 billion of Emhart assets to pay down debt while merging the company’s line of Kwikset locks and Price Pfister Inc. plumbing fixtures with Black & Decker’s offerings. According to Archibald, the plan would have been successful enough under normal economic conditions. However, he failed to sell the Emhart businesses for the set prices leaving a long term debt of a hefty $3 billon and annual interest payments of more than $300 million. Black & Decker initially sold $1 billion in Emhart assets to reduce the interest costs. It met this demand by selling whole divisions of Emhart and also by selling equipment and other assets. By 1991, Black & Decker reduced the debt acquired by more than 25%. From 1993 to 1996, Black & Decker sold off three segments of Emhart that did not prove to be strategic parts of the acquisition. By 1997, Black & Decker was able to meet its liquidity requirements and management chose to amortize the costs on a straight-line basis for the next 40 years. This shows that the acquisition of Emhart Corporation is a Black & Decker’s bad move. Black & Decker’s decision to acquire a company that was larger than $2.3 billion (revenues) Black & Decker itself, (the Emhart Corporation were $2.7 billion in revenues), was too risky and apparently Archibald didn’t too aware about it. The purchase and acquisition of Emhart had proven a lack in the synergy required to make such purchases profitable. Also the company had not been able to reduce its amount of debt (primarily from the purchase of Emhart) over the subsequent 10 years. Archibald made poor decisions in the Emhart acquisition, which impacted its profit margin, lowered its competitive advantage, and killed any chance of creating above-average returns. There are things that has to be done in order to ascertain whether the acquisition may create value for the shareholders, which is the CEO’s primary responsibility. Effort should have concentrated on three essential tests:  · The attractiveness test. The industries chosen for diversification must be structurally attractive or capable of being made attractive.  · The cost-of-entry test. The cost of entry must not capitalize all the future profits.  · The better-off test. Either the new unit must gain competitive advantage from its link with the corporation or vice-versa. Conceding the point that the purchase provided some benefits, such as increased market share and well-known consumer brands, the cost-ofentry and better-off tests provide evidence that the Emhart purchase was very risky. Black & Decker SWOT Analysis Strengths  · Brand recognition is a strong attribute for Black and Decker. Black and Decker has a reputation for producing electrical engines, power tools and appliances.  · Black and Decker produce a variety of products in its respected industry, and it is involved in constant research and development (e.g., developing cordless appliances and tools, rechargeable batteries that are compatible with both tools and small appliances).  · Black and Decker have penetrated the market causing it to dominate market share in the industry. Weaknesses  · Black and Decker’s reputation for quality tools and appliances has been decreasing. This was likely due to the fact that Black and Decker was busy dealing with its non-strategic businesses. Opportunities  · Opportunities to gain more market share by sponsoring home improvement shows.  · Gain more market share with industrial market, by offering quantity-based deals and advertising the quality of its products. Threats  · Sears is the strongest competitor in the power tools division with 13.4 percent of the US market share.  · Black and Decker needs to be aware of new items that the consumer can use and develop them before their competitors. Conclusion and Recommendation When an industry became mature and not offered enough room for further growth, it is important for a company to change their strategy to keep growing continuously. This is what Black & Decker did, although being a dominant player in power tools and accessories for many years, Black & Decker realized the industry is being mature, so they decided to change their strategy into a diversified company. To be successful, a diversified company should have a portfolio of product with different growth rates and different market shares. The portfolio composition is a function of the balance between cash flows. High-growth product, that important for company to keep growth in the future, need lot of cash inputs. Low-growth product, product that already in maturity growth, should generate cash. How to balance between this two is the most important things in managing multi-business (diversified) company. The Emhart acquisitions is an example of bad acquisitions from Black & Decker in their strategy to diversified. There can be many reasons that an acquisition strategy fails to earn its cost of capital. An acquirer may have no real strategy to begin with and thus pay an unjustified acquisition premium right from the beginning. Or there may be a complete failure in executing a fundamentally sound strategy. One major risk in acquisitions is the failure to close the gap that may exist between the strategic objectives and organizational design of the new organization and those of the old. Issues such as new information systems and channels, management succession, new decision rights, and incentive systems must be planned carefully in light of where competitive performance gains are expected to result. This case is also an example of the problems where mismanaged growth can bring diversification away from core businesses and core competencies rarely creates value for the shareholders. High leveraged acquisitions put the firm at higher financial risks, particularly when the firm’s products depend on business cycles. Shocks to the economy may result in insolvency and possible bankruptcy. The company may have to sell assets at low prices to meet debt obligations. As financial markets become more and more sophisticated, investors may diversify more easily, thereby making corporate diversification less attractive. Firms must continue to strengthen their core competencies and sustain their competitive advantages. In conclusion, the fundamental reason for the failed acquisition is due to lack of long term planning, forecasting and predicting of the return on investment relative to cost. The highly leveraged acquisition of Emhart placed Black & Decker at higher financial risks, primarily when the firm’s products depended on business cycles. As result of the inherited debt and the unanticipated market fluctuations and weak economy may result in collapse or possible bankruptcy of the corporation. Black & Decker Executives’ lack of strategic direction and poor application of funds may lead the corporation to sell of assets at low prices or lay off employee to meet debt obligations. Our recommendation for this case is, Black & Decker should stick with its original vision that includes the consolidation of their portfolio. The company should continue in investing in, and strengthening, its core products within its existing portfolio, so that these products will generate cash flow that will enable the company to embark upon expansion opportunities. In the future, Black & Decker should consider international companies with strong recognition in the countries that they plan on expanding into, considering either acquisition, merger, or creating a joint venture. The affiliation between Black & Decker and these companies must create synergy in order to justify such deliberate moves and expansions. These planned executive decisions and actions will help Black & Decker to obtain competitive advantages which will result in aboveaverage returns, leading to greater investor wealth and value to its employees.